近代审计厅主要展示了民国时期的国家审计、注册会计师审计和内部审计发展概况，包括北洋政府时期、广州革命政府时期和南京国民政府时期的国家审计，民国时期的会计师事务所，民国时期的审计官员。
革命根据地时期的审计主要展示了从红色政权的诞生到新中国成立的二十余年间，中国共产党领导下的革命根据地审计事业从无到有、从初探到成熟，为党取得革命胜利提供经济安全和权力安全的审计保障。展厅中的模拟场景展示了人民审计制度的奠基人阮啸仙，在担任中华苏维埃政府中央审计委员会主任时期，以账本作为审计人的武器在突围转移途中的情景。
（2018.03.29图文更新）
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The “Auditing in modern China” exhibition hall is primarily concerned with the outline of development in national audit, CPA audit and internal audit during the Republic of China era, including the national audit in the Northern Government era and Nanjing National Government era; the accounting firms and audit officials in the Republic of China as well.
The audit in 20 year’s Revolutionary Base period mainly shows the developmentof Chinese modern auditing from the born of red political authority to the establishment of the Communist Party of China . Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the audit in Revolutionary Base period has got maturity from scratch , Protected the financial security and authority.The resembled scene in this hall restores the heroic exploit of Ruan Xiaoxian, who was the founder of Chinese modern audit.He carried and protected the secret accounting books bravely when he was in charge of the director of CPC's central audit committee during the civil war.